1. PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
In English
grammar, a personal pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a particular person, group, or thing.
Like all pronouns, personal pronouns can take the place of nouns and noun phrases.
a.
Personal Pronouns as Subject Pronouns
When
a personal pronoun takes the place of a noun as the subject of a sentence, it
is both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun. What is a subject pronoun? In
essence, it’s any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper noun as a
sentence’s subject.
If
you are using a personal pronoun to talk about a person, animal, place, or
thing that also happens to be the subject of a sentence, then it is classified
as both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun.
Example
:
· He
often
reads until late at night
· She
is running up and down the stairs.
· It is the most delicious
cake that I have
ever eaten.
b.
Personal Pronouns as Object Pronouns
When
a personal pronoun is the direct or indirect object of a verb, or when it is
used as the object of a preposition, it is called an object pronoun. What is an object pronoun? It’s
any pronoun that is affected by the action the subject of the sentence takes.
The
personal pronouns that are used as object pronouns are different than the
personal pronouns that are used as subject pronouns, but they are just as
important. There are seven object pronouns that also happen to be personal
pronouns: me, you, him, her, it, us,
and them.
· He lent me two
interesting books.
· None
understands why the man really loves her.
· Where is John? I need to speak to him.
· My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
· I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me
Comparing
Subject and Object Pronouns
Use
the following table to compare subject and object pronouns. Notice that some subject
pronouns are identical to certain object pronouns.
|
Subject
Pronoun
|
Object
Pronoun
|
|
It
|
It
|
|
You
|
You
|
|
What
|
What
|
|
I
|
Me
|
|
He
|
Him
|
|
She
|
Her
|
|
We
|
Us
|
|
Who
|
Whom
|
|
They
|
Them
|
2.
POSSESSIVE
PRONOUNS
A possessive
pronoun is a pronoun that can take the place of a noun phrase to show
ownership (as in "This phone is mine").
The weak possessives (also called possessive determiners) function
as determiners in
front of nouns (as in
"My phone is
broken"). The weak possessives are my,
your, his, her, its, our, and their.
In contrast,
the strong (or absolute) possessive pronouns
stand on their own: mine, yours, his,
hers, its, ours, and theirs.
her untuk female (perempuan), his untuk male
(laki-laki), sedangkan its untuk gender netral.Contoh Kalimat Possessive Pronoun vs Adjective:
|
Possessive
Pronoun
|
Possessive
Adjective
|
|
Mine has
worn out.
(Punya saya sudah aus.) |
My shoes have worn out.
(Sepatu saya sudah aus.) |
|
I like yours.
(Saya suka punyamu.) |
I like your style.
(Saya suka gayamu.) |
|
This is hers.
(Ini miliknya.) |
This is her scarf.
(ini syalnya.) |
|
They are using ours.
(Mereka sedang menggunakan punya kita.) |
They are using our tools.
(Mereka sedang menggunakan peralatan kita.) |
|
Yours are
on the table.
(Punya kalian di atas meja.) |
Your tickets are on the table.
(Tiket kalian di atas meja.) |
|
Theirs are
the best for dry skin.
(Punya mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.) |
Their products are the best for dry skin.
(Produk mereka terbaik untuk kulit kering.) |
Example :
· Look
at those cars. Theirs is really ugly; ours
is beautiful.
· This
new car is mine.
· Mine
is newer than yours.
· My
hair is very fine. Yours is much
thicker.
· The
choice was his.
· These
are my gloves. Hers are in the
drawer.
3.
REFLEXIVE
PRONOUNS
A
reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun, or noun to which it refers, so long as that
antecedent is located within the same clause.
In
English grammar, a reflexive pronoun indicates that the person who is realizing
the action of the verb is also the recipient of the action. While this might
seem strange at first glance, the following examples of reflexive pronouns and
the accompanying list of reflexive pronouns will help you gain thorough
understanding. In fact, you will probably notice that you yourself use reflexive
pronouns frequently when speaking or writing.
Example
:
· He encouraged himself
to do his homework immediately.
· I enjoyed myself
by traveling around the world.
· Mark made
himself a sandwich.
· The children watched themselves on video.
· The children are old enough to look after themselves.
· I looked at myself
in the mirror.
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